Luxembourg develops dementia prevention strategy

The problem of neurodegenerative diseases in Luxembourg is becoming widespread: according to Professor of Neuroscience Rejko Krüger, there are more than 9,000 people with Alzheimer's disease and about 3,000 with Parkinson's disease living in the country. However, recent studies show that almost half of dementia cases can be prevented or significantly delayed. The national prevention programme implemented by the Luxembourg Hospital Centre (CHL) and the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) focuses on identifying early markers of cognitive decline.

One of the key stages of the programme is differentiating between objective impairments and the patient's subjective perception. Neuropsychologist Amna Skrozic notes that many people seek help when they experience mild memory lapses that resemble everyday forgetfulness. Specialists assess concentration and memory function to determine the presence of moderate cognitive impairment. If risks are confirmed, patients are given vouchers to attend specialised classes aimed at mental and physical stimulation.

The scientific basis for prevention is based on controlling so-called "hope factors" — circumstances that a person can influence. Professor Kruger identifies several critical areas:

• Medical indicators: hypertension, elevated blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
• Lifestyle: smoking and low physical activity.
• Sensory deficits: Recent studies have confirmed the link between hearing or vision loss and accelerated dementia progression.
• Social aspect: maintaining active contact with others is recognised as an effective mechanism for protecting neural connections.

Although neurodegenerative processes are currently incurable, scientists in Luxembourg are participating in global clinical trials of new drugs. The current study, involving six local patients, is testing the effectiveness of injections that stimulate the production of antibodies to remove protein aggregates that destroy nerve cells. If successful, the drug could be available in pharmacies within the next three to five years.

In parallel with clinical work, experts are encouraging people aged 40–50 to assess their risks preventively. To this end, a free app called Brain Coach has been developed, allowing users to create a personal health profile. The aim of the initiative is to delay the onset of the disease as much as possible, allowing people to live a full life without progressing to the severe stages of dementia.