Minimum wages in Europe in 2025 and comparison of EU salaries

Comparisons of minimum wage in Europe: differences and factors

The concept of a minimum wage was introduced to protect workers from exploitation and ensure a basic standard of living. Over the decades, the legislative framework for minimum wages in Europe has evolved significantly, with each country tailoring its policies to address local economic conditions and social needs.

Today, the EU minimum wage landscape is diverse, reflecting the varied economic climates and policy approaches across the continent. Some countries have adopted robust minimum wage laws, while others rely on collective bargaining agreements to set wage standards.

Source: Eurostat

The modern situation sees a complex interplay of factors influencing minimum wage levels, including economic growth, inflation, cost of living, and political will. 

The country with the highest minimum wage in Europe is Luxembourg, followed by Ireland and the Netherlands. At the other end are Bulgaria, Albania and North Macedonia.

Luxembourg

2,570.93 euros per month is the highest minimum wage in Europe

Ireland

2,146.30 euros per month is the second highest minimum wage in Europe

North Macedonia

366.23 euros per month, the lowest minimum wage in Europe

Bulgaria

477.04 euros per month, one of the lowest in the EU

EU countries by minimum wage in 2024

Examining the minimum wages across EU countries reveals significant disparities. Luxembourg leads the pack with a remarkable minimum wage of 2,570.93 euros, followed by Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany, each boasting minimum wages above 2,000 euros. Belgium nearly joins this group with a minimum wage of 1,994.18 euros. 

These countries, primarily located in Central and Northern Europe, highlight the region's relatively high wage standards. In contrast, Eastern European countries often have the lowest minimum wages. Bulgaria, Albania, and North Macedonia feature minimum wages below 500 euros.

The factors determining minimum wages are diverse, with each country exercising autonomy in setting its wage standards. While there is no binding EU directive mandating a specific approach, guidelines suggest using benchmarks such as 60% of the gross median wage or 50% of the gross average wage. 

Despite these recommendations, 2022 data showed that many EU countries fell short of these levels. Only three member states, Portugal (66.3%), Slovenia (61.7%), and France (60.9%) exceeded the 60% benchmark. Turkey, an EU candidate country, had a ratio of 65.2%, reflecting its alignment with these indicative values.

Top 5 countries with the lowest minimum wage in Europe

The European countries with the lowest minimum wages highlight the economic disparities within the region. Let's take a closer look at the five nations with the lowest minimum wages in 2024.

Serbia

Serbia has a minimum wage of 543.64 euros per month, equating to 6,523 euros annually. In the local currency, this translates to 63,700 dinars, marking an increase of 9,707 dinars per month, or 18%, compared to the previous year.

Montenegro

The minimum wage in Montenegro for 2024 is set at 532.5 euros per month, amounting to 6,390 euros annually. This figure remains unchanged from 2023, resulting in a loss of purchasing power for workers due to inflation.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria's minimum wage for 2024 is 477 euros per month, totaling 5,724 euros annually. In Bulgarian levs, this is 933 levs per month, reflecting a monthly increase of 153 levs from the previous year.

Albania

The minimum wage in Albania for 2024 is 385.1 euros per month, or 4,621 euros annually. This equates to 40,000 leks, the local currency, and remains unchanged from 2023, leading to a decrease in purchasing power for workers.

North Macedonia

North Macedonia has the lowest minimum wage in Europe at 366 euros per month or 22,567 dinars. The minimum wage was introduced in 2012 at 130 euros per month. Before its introduction, Macedonian employers were required to pay their employees at least 65% of the national average salary.

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What is the minimum wage per hour in Europe?

The hourly minimum wage in Europe often aligns closely with the monthly minimum wage. A practical method to estimate a worker's hourly earnings is to divide the monthly minimum wage by the maximum legal working hours per month. This approach yields a similar ranking to the monthly minimum wage, with some variations due to differing legal working hours across countries.

Source: Eurostat

However, some countries, like Ireland, drop in the rankings because they have a higher number of legal working hours per week. This method provides a good starting point for understanding hourly minimum wages, although each country may have official hourly rates that differ from these calculated values.

What is the minimum wage in Europe for part-time jobs?

The minimum wage for part-time workers in Europe is generally the same as for full-time workers, with the primary difference being that the salary is adjusted according to the number of hours worked. This ensures that part-time employees receive a fair wage proportional to their working hours.

What is the minimum wage in Europe vs. US?

In the United States, the minimum wage is regulated by federal, state, and local laws. The federal minimum wage, established by the Fair Labor Standards Act, has been set at $7.25 per hour since 2009. This is the minimum amount most employers must pay, primarily applicable to businesses with annual revenues of at least $500,000 or those engaged in interstate commerce.

States and some cities can set their own minimum wages, often higher than the federal rate. For instance, California has a minimum wage of $16 per hour, and cities like Washington, D.C., have even higher rates. When there are differences between federal, state, and local minimum wages, employers must pay the highest applicable rate.

Source: Eurostat

Comparing the federal minimum wage in the US to minimum wages in Europe reveals significant differences. If the federal minimum wage were to be ranked among European countries, the United States would be only in the 9th position.

Indexation of salaries in EU vs. US

Generally, minimum wages in Europe are regularly adjusted to account for inflation and cost of living increases, whereas the US federal minimum wage has remained unchanged for over a decade. However, it is important to note that this comparison uses the federal minimum wage and does not consider the higher state-specific minimum wages in the US.

Luxembourg automatically adjusts wages, the process is called salary indexation, to match inflation. It happens when the cost of living rises enough to require higher salaries. Typically indexation in Luxembourg is held twice a year, but in 2023 with extremely high inflation, it happened three times.

Visa and document requirements: major points for EU employment

To work in Europe, you generally need a work visa. The specific documents required vary depending on the country, the type of job, the level of qualifications and your personal situation. European Union's immigration page provides information based on the destination country and the reason for your immigration.

Following documents are typically required for moving to EU

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*The mandatory items are marked with red asterisks.

An employment contract

Recent identical passport photos

A copy of your passport

Proof of accommodation

Payment of the applicable visa fee

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*The mandatory items are marked with red asterisks.

How to move to Luxembourg with a Blue Card and a regular work visa?

If you are interested in working in Luxembourg, we recommend checking out our comprehensive guide on how to obtain a work visa for Luxembourg for more detailed answers. You can also read more information about different jobs in Luxembourg in our Blog.

Luxembourg

Blue Card

Guide

How to move to Luxembourg with a Blue Card and a regular work visa

List of the top European countries by minimum wage

Below we will take a closer look at some of the countries with the highest minimum wages in Europe. However, first we will explore some of the factors that influence the determination of minimum wages as this may help to better understand the economic and political landscape across the continent.

Factors influencing high/low minimum wages include

Economic growth

Countries experiencing economic growth tend to have higher minimum wages as they can afford to pay workers more without impacting businesses.

Cost of living

Nations with higher costs of living typically set higher minimum wages to ensure workers can afford basics. Good social welfare systems also have influence.

Labor market conditions

The state of the labor market, including unemployment rates and labor demand, affects minimum wages. High demand for labor often results in higher wages.

Government policies

Government interventions such as minimum wage laws and labor market regulations play a significant role in setting minimum wage levels.

Luxembourg

Source: Unsplash

Luxembourg stands out as one of the premier countries for employment in Europe, particularly considering its status as home to the highest minimum wage in Europe and one of the highest and most stable salaries globally.

The minimum wage in Luxembourg stands at 3,085.11 euros per month for skilled workers and 2,570.93 euros per month for unskilled workers. The financial and banking sectors play a significant role in driving Luxembourg's attractive salaries, with many banks employing highly educated, experienced, and sought-after professionals.

However, it's essential to consider that with high earning potential comes high expenses. Accommodation costs are notably steep, as is the overall cost of living. Despite this, Luxembourg's robust economy and generous compensation packages make it an enticing destination for those seeking lucrative employment opportunities in Europe.

Ireland

Source: Pexels

Ireland stands as one of the premier countries in Europe for employment, boasting a minimum wage of 2,146.30 euros per month, equivalent to 25,756 euros annually, making it the second-highest in Europe. In its latest update, the minimum wage saw a monthly increase of 236.6 euros, a 12.4% rise from the previous rate.

This country offers a unique blend of job opportunities, quality of life, and cultural charm. Dublin serves as Ireland's primary economic and business hub, hosting numerous multinational corporations, startups, and globally renowned tech companies. Major players such as Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter have their European headquarters in Dublin, providing a diverse array of employment prospects in sectors like technology, finance, engineering, and digital marketing.

The city also boasts a thriving financial services sector, with many international banks and financial institutions calling it home. Dublin has a bustling startup scene, with numerous coworking spaces and accelerators fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.

Netherlands

Source: Pexels

The minimum wage for 2024 in the Netherlands has been set at 2,070.1 euros per month, equivalent to 24,841 euros annually. This marks an increase of 75.1 euros per month from the previous wage, representing a 3.8% rise. Interestingly, this increment surpasses the 1.2% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a real increase in purchasing power for workers over the past year.

The Netherlands boasts a strong entrepreneurial spirit, with accessible job opportunities and a population where over 90% speak English fluently. This linguistic advantage makes it easier for English-speaking expatriates to tap into the country's high earning potential. Additionally, the Netherlands is renowned for its cultured and orderly society, ranking among the world's most environmentally conscious nations and fostering excellent civic culture.

Belgium

Source: Pixabay

The minimum wage for 2024 in Belgium is 1,994.2 euros per month, equivalent to 23,930 euros annually. This represents an increase of 39.2 euros per month from the previous wage, marking a 2% rise. Interestingly, this increment surpasses the 1.4% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a real increase in purchasing power for workers over the past year.

Average salaries are higher in the country's capital, Brussels, the de facto capital of Europe and home to several important EU institutions. Apart from its high wages, Belgium is renowned for offering one of the highest standards of living and education levels in Europe.

Germany

Source: Pixabay

In 2024, the minimum wage in Germany is 2,054 euros per month, amounting to 24,648 euros annually. This marks an increase of 57 euros per month from the previous wage, reflecting a 2.9% rise. Germany stands out as the fourth country on the list of highest minimum wages in Europe and the last with a wage exceeding 2,000 euros per month.

Moreover, Germany boasts the fourth-largest economy globally and the largest in Europe. Often referred to as the "locomotive of Europe," the country hosts diverse industries and offers opportunities across sectors. This contributes to its status as the second-largest recipient of international immigration within Europe and the third in terms of immigration for labor-related reasons, following Poland and Spain.

France

Source: Pixabay

France ranks sixth on the list of highest minimum wages in Europe. The minimum wage in France for 2024 is 1,766.9 euros per month, amounting to 21,203 euros annually. This represents an increase of 19.7 euros per month from the previous wage, reflecting a 1.1% rise. However, this increment is lower than the 3.7% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a loss of purchasing power for workers despite the increase.

Spain

Source: Pixabay

Spain ranks seventh on the list of highest minimum wages in Europe. The minimum wage in Spain for 2024 is 1,134 euros per month, taking into account that in Spain, it is customary to publish the minimum wage divided into 14 annual payments. The minimum wage has increased by 63 euros per month from the previous rate, representing a 5% rise. This increase surpasses the 3.1% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a real increase in purchasing power for workers over the past year.

Slovenia

Source: Pixabay

In 2024, the minimum wage in Slovenia stands at 1,253.9 euros per month, totaling 15,047 euros annually. This marks an increase of 50.5 euros per month from the previous wage, representing a 4.2% rise. Interestingly, this increase surpasses the 4.2% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a real increase in purchasing power for workers over the past year.

Slovenia's economy has experienced growth since gaining independence in 1991. It is known for its industrial sector, which includes machinery, chemicals, and vehicles, as well as its tourism industry due to its natural beauty. Additionally, Slovenia boasts a solid financial sector and a growing technology industry. Despite having a relatively high per capita income, Slovenia faces challenges of economic inequality and requires reforms to enhance efficiency and competitiveness.

Poland

Source: Pixabay

Poland ranks 11th on our list, roughly in the middle. The minimum wage in Poland for 2024 is 977.5 euros per month, totaling 11,730 euros annually. When considering the minimum wage in Polish Zloty, the official currency in Poland, it amounted to 4,242 Polish Zlotys this year. Consequently, the minimum wage has increased by 642 Polish Zlotys per month from the previous rate, marking a 17.8% rise.

Despite being lower than in many Western European countries, the Polish minimum wage has been gradually increasing to improve workers' conditions and address economic inequalities. The Polish economy relies on sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, information technology, and financial services.

Portugal

Source: Pixabay

In 2024, the minimum wage in Portugal stands at 956.7 euros per month, totaling 11,480 euros annually. This marks an increase of 70 euros per month from the previous wage, representing a 7.9% rise. Interestingly, this increase surpasses the 1.4% inflation rate of 2023, indicating a real increase in purchasing power for workers over the past year.