Communes and neighborhoods

Luxembourg City: living in the heart of Luxembourg

Tucked away in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, you'll find Luxembourg City, which is not only the capital but also the largest city in the country. This article dives into the heart of Luxembourg's capital, giving you a closer look at its people and highlighting essential spots around town.

Table of content

Luxembourg, at its heart, is a country nestled in Western Europe, surrounded by Belgium, France, and Germany. It's a small but prosperous land, famous for its beautiful scenery, wealthy economy, and significant role in European politics. Within this country lies a city also called Luxembourg, which is the capital and bustling center of the nation. To avoid confusion, people often call it Luxembourg City. It's known for its stunning medieval old town set on dramatic cliffs, its role as a central hub for the European Union, and its lively cultural atmosphere. In Luxembourg, "commune" refers to the smallest level of local government, similar to what many places would call a municipality. Luxembourg City itself is one such commune, handling local governance and services within its area. So, talking about Luxembourg could mean discussing the grandeur of the country, the historic and political significance of its capital city, or the local administrative setup that keeps the city running.

General characteristics of Luxembourg City

Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and its largest city, boasts a population of 134,714 as of December 31, 2023. Nestled in the southern part of Luxembourg within the eponymous canton, it's conveniently located just 20 minutes by car from the borders of Belgium and France and 30 minutes from Germany.

Small but mighty

With a population like this the capital may seem small compared to other European counterparts like Paris, Brussels, or Madrid. However, it boasts hundreds of noteworthy centers spanning education, commerce, business, culture, and more. It's a city of significant importance, as evidenced for example in its nomination as the European Capital of Culture twice, first in 1995 and later in 2007.

Comprising 24 districts, each with its own distinct characteristics, the city offers a rich tapestry of experiences. The central neighborhoods, such as Ville Haute and the Grund, brim with history and culture, as the country's capital was built upon the formidable foundations of a grand fortress; these districts are even recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Other neighborhoods, like Kirchberg and Gasperich, house significant commercial and business centers.

Population of the capital

As of January 1, 2024, Luxembourg City had a population of 134,714 residents, making it the most populous city in the country, representing approximately 20% of the nation's population.

Luxembourg City how many people population and numbers

Source: created with data from Ville de Luxembourg

The city's population is distributed across various neighborhoods, with the six most populous being Bonnevoie-sud, Belair, Gare, Limpertsberg, Gasperich, and Kirchberg, collectively accounting for around 50% of the capital's population. Conversely, the least populous neighborhoods include Pulvermuehl, Grund, and Clausen.

Luxembourg City is notably cosmopolitan, boasting a high percentage of foreign residents at 70.44%. The neighborhood with the highest proportion of foreign residents is Gare, with an impressive 82.68%, followed by Neudorf/Weimershof and Kirchberg. In contrast, the neighborhood with the lowest proportion of foreign residents is Cents, with 49.31%, followed by Hamm and Grund.

20%

of the country's population lives in the capital

134,714

residents live in Luxembourg City

70.44%

of Luxembourg City residents are foreign nationals

Transport accessibility

In Luxembourg City, public transport is not only convenient but also free, offering residents and visitors easy access to various modes of transportation.

By car

The capital boasts excellent internal connectivity, allowing for swift travel from the city center to different neighborhoods within just 10 minutes and to more distant points in no more than 20 minutes. Numerous parking facilities, both outdoor and indoor, are available throughout the city. Additionally, the capital features six park-and-ride (P+R) lots located on the outskirts, providing free parking for 24 hours. These P+R lots aim to facilitate connectivity with public transportation for those commuting from outside the city while mitigating congestion within the capital. P+R locations include areas south of Cessange and Gasperich, in Hollerich, and north of Beggen.

By bus

The city operates a single tram line running from Luxexpo in Kirchberg to Lycée Bonnevoie in Bonnevoie-sud, passing through neighborhoods such as Limpertsberg, Ville-Haute, and Gare. Moreover, a new tram line is set to commence service in 2035, traversing from Place de l'Etoile along Route d'Arlon to the Luxembourg Hospital Center (CHL).

By bicycle

Cycling is one of the most efficient ways to navigate the city. A journey from the center to the central areas of most neighborhoods takes no more than 15 minutes while reaching the city's farthest points typically requires no more than 20 minutes. Since 2008, Luxembourg City has operated its own bike-sharing system, Vel'oH!, boasting numerous stations scattered throughout the capital and even extending to some neighboring communes.

By train

Like its road infrastructure, Luxembourg City serves as the hub of the national railway network operated by the national railway company CFL. All railway lines converge in the capital, with Luxembourg Central Station (Gare Centrale) serving as the central axis. Additionally, the capital is home to four other railway stations: Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg, Hollerich, Cents-Hamm, and Dommeldange. Howald Station, situated in the municipality of Hesperange, can be considered the 6th station of the capital, serving the Gasperich district to the south and the Cloche-d'Or commercial and business center located there.

By tram

The tram service in Luxembourg City, a newcomer to the scene, has quickly become essential for both locals and tourists. It offers a smooth and comfortable way to get around, linking important spots like business areas, shopping zones, and key attractions. Its routes are smartly laid out to ensure easy trips to the European institutions, the central train station, and other crucial places, greatly improving how connected the city feels. The trams themselves are top-notch, equipped with green technology and features that make them accessible to everyone, promising a comfy and convenient ride. This advancement highlights Luxembourg City's dedication to eco-friendly city travel and adds to its already impressive public transport system, known for being effective and easy to use.

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In terms of external connectivity, Luxembourg City is strategically positioned within the Frankfurt - Paris - Amsterdam triangle, ensuring connectivity to the European road network via several international routes for cars:

A1 (E44): Towards Grevenmacher and Trier (Germany)
A3 (E25): Towards Dudelange and Thionville/Metz (France)
A4: Towards Esch-sur-Alzette and Audun-le-Tiche in France
A6 (E25 / E411): Towards Arlon and Brussels
A7 and N7 (E421): Towards Mersch, Ettelbruck, and Saint-Vith in Belgium

You can check in detail all the bus routes in the interactive map provided by the city of Luxembourg and get detailed instructions to get from one point to another on their route planner page.

Renting and buying real estate

Living in capital cities often comes with the advantage of urban amenities, but it also entails higher real estate costs, a trend mirrored in Luxembourg.

Source: created with data from immotop.lu (prices from January 2024)

Luxembourg City, being the capital, exhibits significantly higher property prices compared to the rest of the country, particularly in its affluent neighborhoods where prices can be staggering.

In Luxembourg City, the average cost to buy a place is around 12,089 euros per square meter, while renting costs about 30.72 euros per square meter on average. If you're looking to buy, square meter on average. If you're looking to buy, Belair is the priciest area, where prices soar to 14,277 euros per square meter. Kirchberg and Limpertsberg are also on the higher end. Dommeldange offers more wallet-friendly options for buyers, with average prices at 9,277 euros per square meter. For renters, Pfaffenthal leads the pack with costs at 34.75 euros per square meter, with Kirchberg and Gasperich not far behind. If you're looking to save on rent, Cents is the most budget-friendly neighborhood, averaging 27.06 euros per square meter, with Beggen and Bonnevoie-Sud also offering lower rental prices.

For buying the usual prices stand at

14,277 euros

per square meter in Belair, one of the the priciest areas of the capital in general

12,089 euros

per square meter is the capital's average price for buying property in 2024

For renting the average prices are around

27.06 euros

per square meter is the price for renting in the most budget-friendly Cents neighborhood

30.72 euros

per square meter – the capital's usual price for renting property in Luxembourg City

Rent

Luxembourg

Flat

Applications, search, and profound advice in our guide to renting

Infrastructure of Luxembourg City for life

The city is well-equipped with a comprehensive transport system that includes buses, trams, and a network of roads that keep everything connected. Cultural gems such as the Luxembourg Conservatory and Philharmonie Luxembourg bring vibrant cultural experiences to life. Health and well-being are top priorities, with leading facilities like the Center Hospitalier de Luxembourg and Hôpitaux Robert Schuman providing top-notch care.

For those who love the outdoors and shopping, places like the expansive Kinnekswiss Park and the bustling Cloche d’Or Shopping Center offer plenty of options to suit a variety of interests.

Place to call home

If you're considering making Luxembourg your new home, we encourage you to explore our range of articles that look in depth at the different city communes and neighborhoods.

Pros and cons of living in Luxembourg City

Living in the capital city offers a lifestyle vastly different from that of rural or suburban areas. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages.

Living in Luxembourg City offers a blend of benefits and challenges that mirror the vibrant and complex nature of city life. On the bright side, the capital is a hub of connectivity and top-notch infrastructure, ensuring that getting around and staying connected is a breeze. The city's lively social atmosphere means there's always an opportunity to meet diverse groups of people. Whether it's healthcare, education, or entertainment, access to a wide range of services and amenities is second to none. Plus, the job market is thriving, offering varied career options across numerous industries.

Yet, urban living comes with its own set of hurdles. The competition for housing in Luxembourg City is fierce, leading to steep prices for both buying and renting. The hustle and bustle of the city may increase stress for some, a stark contrast to the tranquility found in more rural areas. For drivers, navigating daily commutes can be frustrating due to parking woes and traffic jams. And while the city does have its green spots, they might not fully satisfy those seeking deep immersion in nature.

Pros and cons

Efficient communication and connectivity due to superior infrastructure and public transportation.

A vibrant social life with diverse opportunities for interaction and leisure activities.

Easy access to a wide range of services, from healthcare to education and shopping.

Numerous leisure options, including cinemas, theaters, and sports facilities.

Ample job opportunities across various sectors, offering diverse career options.

High real estate prices due to intense competition and demand exceeding supply.

Elevated stress levels caused by the city's hustle and bustle, including noise from traffic and crowds.

Commuting challenges, including parking issues and traffic congestion, even with the availability of public transportation.

Limited opportunities to disconnect and enjoy the outdoors compared to rural or suburban areas.

What can you find in the capital?

Covering every aspect of Luxembourg City's rich infrastructure and landmark sites in one article is a big challenge, but let's uncover some of the capital's most remarkable features.

Shopping Center Cloche d'Or, source: Cloche d'Or Experience Facebook Page

University of Luxembourg Limpertsberg Campus, source: University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance Facebook Page

Luxembourg Stadium, source: Luxembourg Stadium website

Conservatoire de Luxembourg, source: Conservatoire de Luxembourg Facebook Page

Luxexpo The Box, source: Luxexpo Facebook page

Sports centre d'Coque, source: d’Coque website

Schools, creches, and education

Luxembourg City offers a wide variety of schools and educational programs for everyone, from the youngest kids in childcare all the way up to university students. Whether you're starting school or continuing your education, the city has something for everyone.

Childcare and nurseries (creches) in Luxembourg CIty

In each neighborhood, public childcare centers offer services for young children. These centers are also available complemented by numerous private nurseries throughout the city. Well-known nursery chains like Rockids, Barbara, and Kidscare provide additional options for parents seeking childcare solutions.

Primary education for kids

Luxembourg City ensures accessibility to primary education with each neighborhood hosting its own public primary school. Additionally, several private primary schools are dispersed across the city, offering alternative educational pathways for families.

Secondary education in Luxembourg City

The city is home to many secondary schools, spread out across different areas. While some places might have just one secondary school, neighborhoods like Limpertsberg and Hollerich are known for having a lot of these schools.

Notable secondary schools in Limpertsberg include Lycée Michel Lucius Luxembourg, Lycée Technique du Centre, Lycée de Garçons de Luxembourg, Lycée des Arts et Métiers, and Lycée Robert-Schuman Luxembourg, among others. Hollerich, for example, is home to the esteemed Campus Geesseknäppchen, a vast campus shared by several academic and sports institutions, including Athénée de Luxembourg, Lycée Aline Mayrisch, and Lycée Michel Rodange.

Higher education

The University of Luxembourg, the country's primary public university, maintains campuses in Limpertsberg and Kirchberg within the capital. Established on August 12, 2003, the university boasts a diverse student body of approximately 6,800 students representing over 130 countries. With a faculty comprising 283 professors, assistant professors, and lecturers from 20 different countries, the university offers a wide array of academic programs, including 11 bachelor's and 23 master's degrees distributed across three faculties and three campuses.

The Limpertsberg campus hosts the Faculty of Law, Economics, and Finance, the Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine, and the Department of Physics and Materials Science, while the Kirchberg campus is home to the Faculty of Science, Technology, and Communication.

Additionally, private universities like the Luxembourg School of Business and the European Institute of Public Administration contribute to the city's higher education landscape.

University of Luxembourg

Limpertsberg: Address: 162a Av. de la Faiencerie, Limpertsberg, Phone: (+352) 46 66 44 60 00, Website: uni.lu / Kirchberg: Address: 6 Rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi, Kirchberg, Phone: (+352) 46 66 44 57 77, Website: uni.lu

Luxembourg School of Business

Address: 46 Côte d'Eich, Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 26 25 89 80, Website: luxsb.lu

European Institute of Public Administration

Address: 8 Rue Nicolas Adames, Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 4 26 23 01, Website: eipa.eu

Cultural centers

Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand Duchy, boasts a vibrant cultural scene, having been selected as the European Capital of Culture twice, first in 1995 and later in 2007. Below are some of the city's most prominent cultural centers.

National Museum of Natural History of Luxembourg (Grund)

Established in 1854, the National Museum of Natural History is Luxembourg's premier natural history museum. It comprises eight scientific sections covering botany, ecology, geology, mineralogy, geophysics, astrophysics, paleontology, vertebrate zoology, and invertebrate zoology. Address: 25 Rue Münster, Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 4 62 23 31, Website: mnhn.lu

Luxembourg Conservatory (Hollerich)

Situated in Hollerich, the Luxembourg Conservatory plays a pivotal role in the region, attracting nearly 3,800 students seeking artistic excellence. Offering over 150 disciplines, the conservatory serves not only as a renowned music school but also as a vibrant cultural center. Address: 33 Rue Charles Martel, Phone : (+352) 47 96 55 55, Website: conservatoire.lu

Luxexpo The Box (Kirchberg)

Formerly known as Foires Internationales de Luxembourg (FIL), Luxexpo The Box is a congress and exhibition center hosting over 400,000 visitors annually. With state-of-the-art facilities, it accommodates around 100 events each year, ranging from exhibitions and conferences to trade fairs, attracting participants from both local and international spheres. Address: 10 Circuit de la Foire Internationale, Luxembourg-Kirchberg, Phone: (+352) 4 39 91, Website: thebox.lu

Philharmonie Luxembourg (Kirchberg)

Also known as the "Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte Concert Hall," Philharmonie Luxembourg is a renowned auditorium situated on Kirchberg's plateau. Since its inauguration in 2005, it has emerged as one of Europe's premier concert halls, hosting over 400 performances annually. Address: 1 place de l’Europe, Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 26 32 26 32, Website: philharmonie.lu

National Library (Kirchberg)

The National Library, located in Luxembourg-Kirchberg, serves as the country's primary heritage, scientific, and research library. With a collection exceeding 1.8 million publications, including digital resources, it offers users comprehensive access to knowledge. Address: 37d Av. John F. Kennedy, Kirchberg Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 2 65 59 –1 00, Website: bnl.lu

Théâtre National du Luxembourg (Merl)

Established in 1996, Théâtre National du Luxembourg emerged as a legacy of "Luxembourg - European Capital of Culture 1995." This intimate theatre, with a seating capacity of 120, presents a captivating repertoire of spoken theatre, musical performances, and concerts. Address: 194 Rte de Longwy, Phone: (+352) 2 64 41 27 01, Website: tnl.lu

Rotondes Cultural Center (Bonnevoie Nord / Verlorenkost)

Located in Bonnevoie Nord / Verlorenkost, the Rotondes Cultural Center occupies two former locomotive sheds at Luxembourg Station. Supported by the Ministry of Culture and the Luxembourg City Council, Rotondes hosts a diverse array of events, including performing arts, contemporary music, visual arts, as well as conferences and workshops catering to all age groups. Address: 3 Place des Rotondes, Bonneweg-Nord, Phone: (+352) 26 62 20 07, Website: rotondes.lu

Théâtre Ouvert Luxembourg (Bonnevoie Sud)

Théâtre Ouvert Luxembourg, dedicated to contemporary theatrical creation, produces four shows annually, predominantly showcasing Luxembourgish creations. It serves as a platform for local artists and a springboard for emerging talents in acting, directing, and stage design. Address: 143 Rte de Thionville, Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 49 31 66, Website: tol.lu

Kasemattentheater (Bonnevoie Sud)

Founded in 1964, the Kasemattentheater, initially named the "Grand-Ducal Center for Dramatic Art," aimed to establish an avant-garde theatre scene in 1960s Luxembourg. It continues to attract both intellectual elites and a new audience with its innovative productions. Address: 14 Rue du Puits, Bouneweg-Süd Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 29 12 81, Website: kasemattentheater.lu

Banannefabrik (Bonnevoie Sud)

Banannefabrik houses five cultural institutions, including the TROIS C-L (Luxembourg Choreographic Creation Center), MASKéNADA Artists' Association, and administrative offices for the Théâtre des Casemates and Théâtre du Centaure. Serving as a hub for artistic creation, Banannefabrik fosters collaboration and innovation across various artistic domains, including theatre, dance, and performance art. Address: 12 Rue du Puits, Bouneweg-Süd Luxembourg, Phone: (+352) 40 45 69, Website: banannefabrik.lu

Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg (Ville Haute)

The Grand Théâtre de Luxembourg, formerly the Théâtre Municipal de la Ville de Luxembourg, is a theater of the city of Luxembourg inaugurated in 1964. It is the main artistic stage of the city. The Grand Théâtre is dedicated to opera, dance, and theater, and co-produces a large number of shows with other major European institutions such as La Monnaie in Brussels, the Théâtre de la Ville and Théâtre de Chaillot in Paris, and the Barbican Centre in London. Address; 1 Bd Robert Schuman, Ville-Haute Luxembourg, Phone : (+352) 47 96 39 00, Website: lestheatres.lu

Learn more about Luxembourg's culture and traditions in our special guide.

Healthcare

Parks, nature places and kids playgrounds

Sports infrastructure

Shopping and restaurants

Historical overview

The foundation for Luxembourg City's development was laid in the 10th century, with the construction of a castle on the Bock rock by Count Sigefroy de Luxembourg (Siegfried). This castle was erected upon the remains of a Roman castellum called Lucilinburhuc, meaning "small castle" in Old High German.

Antiquity

The earliest traces of settlement in Luxembourg City date back to the Celts in the 2nd century BCE. Approximately a century later, the Romans invaded the territory that is present-day Luxembourg. During Roman times, Luxembourg was strategically located at the intersection of two Roman roads, one from Trier (Augusta Treverorum) to Reims (Durocortorum) via Arlon (Orolaunum), and the other connecting Metz (Divodurum) to Aachen (Aquisgranum).

Middle ages

Luxembourg City served as the seat of the County of Luxembourg since its establishment in the 10th century, becoming the Duchy of Luxembourg in 1353 when its rulers ascended to the throne of Bohemia and became emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. The city underwent significant expansions, with a second wall constructed parallel to the original in the current Rue du Fossé. In 1244, Countess Ermesinde granted the city its charter of autonomy. Substantial fortification works began in the upper town in 1320 under the reign of John the Blind, culminating in completion by 1398. The fortification of the lower town (the "Grund") was carried out between 1387 and 1395.

Spanish period

Through inheritance, Luxembourg City passed to Charles V, who, as a child, held the title of Duke of Luxembourg. Under his rule, Luxembourg came under the Habsburgs of Spain. During this period, notable construction included a Spanish-style palace in present-day Clausen, although it was mostly demolished before the Old Regime. The current Grand Ducal Palace in the upper town partially dates back to the 16th century, replacing the town hall that had burned down.

French and Austrian influence

Luxembourg faced several annexation attempts during the reigns of Louis XIV of France and later during the War of the Spanish Succession. It eventually fell under Austrian administration until the French Revolution. Luxembourg was annexed by the French Republic in 1795 after a prolonged siege. It was then incorporated into the French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte.

Dutch and Belgian periods

After Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Congress of Vienna restored Luxembourg as a grand duchy within the German Confederation. Simultaneously, it was given to King William I of the Netherlands in personal union, leading to tensions with Belgium. After the Belgian Revolution in 1830, Luxembourg remained in a state of ambiguity until the Treaty of London in 1839, which divided the grand duchy between Belgium and the Netherlands.

Luxembourg declared its neutrality in 1867 and saw occupation during both World Wars. Today, as a founding member of the European Union, Luxembourg City hosts numerous EU institutions and is recognized as one of the Union's capitals. With its rich history, strategic location, and high quality of life, Luxembourg City continues to thrive as a dynamic European hub.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What healthcare facilities are available in Luxembourg City?

How is the housing market in Luxembourg City?

How do I navigate the public transportation system in Luxembourg City?

Source: fr.wikipedia.org, www.visitluxembourg.com, lustat.statec.lu, www.vdl.lu, www.vdl.lu, www.vdl.lu, www.immotop.lu, lml.lu, ltc.lu, lgl.lu, artsetmetiers.lu, lrsl.lu, al.lu, laml.lu, lmrl.lu, uni.lu, luxsb.lu, eipa.eu, rotondes.lu, tol.lu, kasemattentheater.lu, banannefabrik.lu, mnhn.lu, conservatoire.lu, thebox.lu, philharmonie.lu, bnl.lu, lestheatres.lu, tnl.lu, chl.lu, hopitauxschuman.lu, ins.lu, vdl.lu, hockey.lu, kockelscheuer.com, stadedeluxembourg.lu, coque.lu, cdo.lu

We took photos from these sources: Pixabay, University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance Facebook Page, Conservatoire de Luxembourg Facebook Page, Luxexpo Facebook page, Cloche d'Or Experience Facebook Page, d’Coque website, Luxembourg Stadium website

Authors: Luz

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Table of content

General characteristics of Luxembourg City

Small but mighty

Transport accessibility

Renting and buying real estate

Applications, search, and profound advice in our guide to renting

Infrastructure of Luxembourg City for life

Place to call home

Pros and cons of living in Luxembourg City

What can you find in the capital?

Childcare and nurseries (creches) in Luxembourg CIty

Primary education for kids

Secondary education in Luxembourg City

Michel Lucius High School

Technical College Du Centre

Lycée de garçons Luxembourg

Lycée des Arts et Métiers

Robert-Schuman Lycee

Athénée de Luxembourg

Lycée Aline Mayrisch

Lycée Michel Rodange